Pablo Abarzúa, aka x0y0z0, works with digital precision, using the constraints of technology to craft constructions that seem to defy reality. By making these come to life in physical sculptures, an interesting play of what's actually possible is a starting point to create a dialogue between the digital and the physical fields. Nina Knaack speaks with Pablo about his practice, and how he compares his creation process with life itself.

When working with the Cartesian coordinate system, one can pinpoint the location of a vector using the notation (x, y, z). In a dynamic system that incorporates time, the initial position of the vector is denoted with a subscript zero, such as \(x_0\), though in commonly spelled English, it's simpler to write as x0. “The pseudonym I adopt stems from this concept—the Cartesian representation of a vector's initial position in a dynamic system: (x0, y0, z0), or in shorthand, x0y0z0,” Pablo begins his explanation. Working in an IT company by day and dedicating his evenings and weekend to art, x0y0z0 finds solace in simply sitting down to “create things.” Without having had a formal artistic education, he just sets out to make things within the constraints he determines for himself, exploring within these predefined bounds. This approach yields complex structures and 'fields' that faintly echo the work of Escher. Observers are presented with a labyrinth of textures and frameworks, featuring seemingly hidden passages and doorways. Yet, it remains ambiguous whether these pathways lead anywhere tangible, or if such a space is navigable.

How does he accomplish all of this? Entirely through coding. Generative art is his domain, and he revels in the destinations to which creative coding can transport him. Instead of fully embracing the identity of a 'digital artist,' Pablo views himself more as a creator, always immersed in drawing. “As a child, I was perpetually engaged in sketching, and my entourage praised the quality,” he reflects. His early works were compositions of lines and edifices, a meditation in the act of creation. “I would also blend materials to forge new objects. Whether they were petite sculptures or collages,” Pablo recounts. Creativity was his playground, yet the notion of pursuing art as a vocation seemed distant. “Originating from Chile, the prospect of becoming an artist is perceived as unconventional and unforeseen. Essentially, it's not a path typically chosen.”

Harboring an affinity for science, Pablo pursued mathematics in his academic course. During his time at university he was introduced to diverse computer systems and programming languages. “This pivot fundamentally transformed my approach to crafting art in my leisure,” he articulates. “I discovered the formidable capabilities of multiple computers as an instrument. The adaptability they offered in generating new outputs rapidly and consistently was enlightening.” This velocity afforded Pablo extensive liberty to experiment; his curiosity never ending, constantly eager to see the outcome of his innovations, thus perpetually venturing into new territories.

The computer not only served as Pablo's creative tool but also as a portal to the vast world of art and its history. “Museum visits were rare in my life. The internet became my primary resource for exploring other artworks,” he admits. Delving into books and scouring the web, Pablo found himself particularly captivated by the impressionist movement, attracted by “the exquisite manipulation of light.” He adds: “I also have a profound appreciation for manga artists and Japanese illustrations at large. Their portrayal of landscapes and structures, characterized by a distinctive flat perspective, compels the viewer to linger. Such imagery beckons because it diverges from the conventional, prompting a desire to decipher its essence and the mechanics behind its allure. At least, that's how I'm wired.”

“My aim is to produce sculptures that challenge perceptions of reality, embodying forms you wouldn't typically conceive to be constructible.”

These influences are markedly visible in x0y0z0's oeuvre; the interplay of light and shadow, alongside the structures and perspectives, imbues his works with an intriguing atmosphere. “My creations are intricate systems, distinct from one another, yet sometimes differentiated by mere subtle alterations in the code. Such minor modifications can dramatically transform the outcome,” Pablo explains. He initiates each project with a defined set of guidelines, then explores the extent of those boundaries. “My aim is to generate the most diverse pieces within a specific algorithmic framework.”

To establish his self-imposed guidelines, Pablo begins with sketches in his notebook, ensuring that drawing remains integral to his creative process. “I identify recurring motifs within the lines I've drawn and then strive to replicate these patterns through code,” he reveals. Following the initial digital rendering, he revisits his notebook, initiating a continuous exchange between his sketches and the computational process. “I oscillate between the two mediums, seeking out a level of complexity that captivates me,” Pablo states. “My objective is to reach a juncture where the artwork evidently transcends manual capabilities, clearly representing a synergy between technology and its human counterpart.”

However, once these computer-generated images are complete, Pablo is intrigued by the prospect of bringing his creations into the physical realm. He frequently employs a 3D printer to transform the structures he has devised through coding into tangible sculptures. “My aim is to produce sculptures that challenge perceptions of reality. They evoke a sense of the improbable, embodying forms you wouldn't typically conceive to be constructible.”

Now, in collaboration with Forgio, Pablo is taking this to a next level. “Together, we're fabricating sculptures on a grander scale and in a more resilient material like bronze,” he elucidates. “I believe this approach will render the architecture even more striking.” Prior to materialization, x0y0z0 devised a unique algorithm specifically for this venture, selecting merely a few iterations for the creation of these substantial physical pieces. “I aimed for a certain equilibrium; a harmonious balance within the structure.”

Translating digitally created artwork into bronze offers a fascinating juxtaposition against the contemporary methodology employed in the piece's inception ‐ through the computer. Now, a generative code is cast in a traditional material that boasts a long history of use and enduring permanence.

“In my creative process, I harness the computer's limitations as a means to produce something captivating. It's about exploring the possibilities within set boundaries, modifying your aims, and continuously evolving in response to the limitations of your tools.”

Given the complexity of x0y0z0's works, crafting the bronze sculpture presented significant challenges. Yet, this complexity is at the heart of Pablo's artistic intent. “As mentioned, my goal is for the pieces to appear as if they defy possibility. This is central to my creative ethos and the message I wish to impart through my art,” he states. He further clarifies: “In my creative process, I harness the computer's limitations as a means to produce something captivating. Each tool has its unique parameters and limitations that must be navigated to utilize it effectively. I see parallels between this and life itself, which is the concept my work seeks to articulate. You must navigate within the constraints presented to you, abiding by the rules of any given scenario. Following iteration and recalibration, adaptation is essential. It's about exploring the possibilities within set boundaries, modifying your aims, and continuously evolving in response to the limitations of your tools.”